WUJUD BUDAYA AKTIVITAS DALAM TEKS BACAAN BUKU TEKS HANYU JIAOCHENG

Kegiatan pembelajaran bahasa selalu disertai dengan pembelajaran budaya. Oleh sebab itu, buku teks pembelajaran bahasa yang merupakan salah satu sumber belajar selain memuat materi pembelajaran bahasa juga memuat pembelajaran budaya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan wujud budaya aktivitas yang terdapat dalam teks bacaan pada buku teks pelajaran bahasa Mandarin 《汉语教程》第一册上 Hanyu Jiaocheng di-yi ce shang, 《汉语教程》第一册下 Hanyu Jiaocheng di-yi ce xia, dan 《汉语教程》第二册上 Hanyu Jiaocheng di-er ce shang. Metode yang digunakan untuk penelitian adalah metode kualitatif. Pengumpulan data dilakukan dengan teknik dokumentasi berupa kegiatan membaca dan mencatat. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan wujud budaya aktivitas yang terdapat dalam teks bacaan sebagai berikut: (1) wujud budaya aktivitas dengan unsur budaya sistem peralatan dan perlengkapan hidup adalah mengirim paket, makan dan minum, bertempat tinggal, menggunakan alat transportasi, menggunakan penghangat ruangan, mengenakan pakaian pernikahan berwarna merah; (2) wujud budaya aktivitas dengan unsur budaya sistem mata pencaharian hidup adalah aktivitas tawar menawar dalam kegiatan jual beli; (3) wujud budaya aktivitas dengan unsur budaya sistem kemasyarakatan atau organisasi sosial adalah perlakuan terhadap tamu, menanyakan marga, melaksanakan pernikahan; (4) wujud budaya aktivitas dengan unsur budaya berupa bahasa adalah berbasa-basi, menggunakan kata ganti orang, merespon pujian, memberi kritik, menggunakan nama panggilan; (5) wujud budaya aktivitas dengan unsur budaya kesenian adalah opera Beijing, menulis kaligrafi, membuat lukisan Cina, memasang kertas aksara shuangxi di pernikahan; (6) wujud budaya aktivitas dengan unsur budaya sistem pengetahuan adalah mendaki gunung, menggunakan arah mata angin, melakukan qigong, melakukan taijiquan, pergi ke dokter, tidur siang; dan (7) wujud budaya aktivitas dengan unsur budaya sistem religi adalah menanyakan shio. Kata kunci: Wujud Budaya Aktivitas, Buku Teks, Hanyu Jiaocheng Language learning activities are always accompanied by cultural learning. Therefore, language textbook––which is one of learning sources––does not only contain language learning materials, but also cultural learning materials. This research aims to describe the cultural activities contained in the reading texts of Chinese textbooks《汉语教程》第一册上 Hanyu Jiaocheng di-yi ce shang, 《汉语教程》第一册下 Hanyu Jiaocheng di-yi ce xia, and《汉语教程》第二册上 Hanyu Jiaocheng di-er ce shang. The research method used is qualitative method. The data collection technique is documentation technique by reading and taking notes. The research result shows the cultural activities contained in the reading text are as follows: (1) cultural activities with elements of living equipment system are sending packages, eating and drinking, residing, using transportations, using heater, wearing red wedding clothes; (2) cultural activity with elements of livelihood system is bargaining in buying and selling activities; (3) cultural activities with cultural elements of social or organization system are treating guests, asking family name, having a wedding party; (4) cultural activities with language elements are small talk, using pronouns, responding to praise, giving criticism, using title to address someone; (5) cultural activities with art elements are Beijing opera, writing calligraphy, making Chinese paintings, decorating wedding party with shuangxi paper; (6) cultural activities with elements of knowledge system are climbing mountains, using cardinal directions, doing qigong, doing taijiquan, seeing doctor, taking a nap; and (7) cultural activity with elements of religious system is asking Chinese zodiac signs. Keyword: Cultural Activity, Textbook, Hanyu Jiaochen

Contrastive Analysis between Chinese and Indonesian Phonology and Implementation on Conversation Class

This study aims to find out the phonological characteristics of Indonesian Language and Mandarin language, their impact and application in learning Chinese conversations. This study will use descriptive comparative methods and surveys. Based on the data obtained, there are differences in the pronunciation of single Indonesian and Chinese vowels, namely vowel [y], [ɣ], [i]. Mandarin has triftong, which is [iou], [iao]. The consonants of Indonesian and Mandarin have similarities, but the pronunciation is different. The consonant of Indonesian is not distinguished from no aspirations and aspirations, based on no voices and voices. In suprasegmental features, such as tons, intonation, pressure, pauses, Mandarin is one of the tonal languages, whereas Indonesian is not a tonal language. In Indonesian, the pressure functions to distinguish meaning in the sentence level, but does not distinguish meaning at the word level. Whereas in Mandarin, the pressure is divided into word pressure and sentence pressure. In Indonesian, intonation plays an important role when distinguishing the meaning of sentences. Whereas in Mandarin, the rules for pronunciation of intonation are not strict. Pause in Indonesian and Mandarin, marked by the use of signs. The results of this study can help teachers determine and use appropriate learning techniques so that they can help, facilitate the needs, demands, and goals of students in pronunciation. &nbsp

The Unified National Health System and public policies : psychological care for menopausal women in the Federal District, Brazil

Objetivou-se investigar a situação de atendimento psicológico à mulher de meia-idade, na rede pública de saúde do Distrito Federal, Brasil. Discutiu-se a saúde da mulher, mais especificamente, daquela que se encontra no período da menopausa e seu lugar nas atuais políticas públicas. Levantamento realizado na rede pública apontou a existência de poucas intervenções psicológicas destinadas à mulher nesta fase do ciclo vital. Em geral, apenas o atendimento ambulatorial ginecológico era oferecido. Em nenhuma das unidades de saúde pesquisadas existiam psicólogos no quadro de pessoal, cujo trabalho fosse dedicado especificamente à mulher na meia-idade. Concluiu-se que esta etapa da vida feminina não tem sido contemplada com assistência psicológica, negligenciando os princípios fundamentais do SUS. O estudo reafirma a necessidade de essa mulher ter acesso ao atendimento integral de sua saúde, incluindo uma escuta psicológica dos conflitos relacionados às dimensões biológicas, psíquicas e sócio-culturais do processo de envelhecimento. Esta escuta especializada pode contribuir para a elaboração da maturidade feminina.This study focused on psychological care for middle-aged women in public health services in the Federal District (Brasilia), Brazil. The article discusses women’s health and more specifically menopause and its place in Brazilian public health policies. The survey confirmed the lack of psychological support for menopausal women. In most cases only outpatient medical care was offered. No psychologist had been designated in any of the units surveyed to assist these women. The study concludes that this period of women’s life has failed to receive psychological care in Brazil, thus neglecting the principles of the Unified National Health System. Menopausal women deserve comprehensive health care, including attention to conflicts related to biological, psychological, and socio-cultural dimensions of aging, thus contributing to the process of working through maturity

Aplicabilidad del modelo Black-Litterman para determinar el portafolio óptimo de inversiones para las compañías de seguros de vida, con las restricciones establecidas en la normativa ecuatoriana vigente a 2018

En el presente estudio se analiza la aplicabilidad del modelo Black-Litterman para determinar la optimización en la conformación del portafolio de inversiones de las compañías de seguros tomando en cuenta las restricciones dispuestas por la normativa ecuatoriana. Para llevar a cabo este estudio, se utiliza la información disponible en las Bolsas de Valores de Quito y Guayaquil de los emisores activos de renta variable, así como del indicador ECUINDEX que muestra el comportamiento del mercado bursátil para el periodo 2015-2019. Para el cálculo del modelo se seleccionan los emisores que cumplen las restricciones para colocar los fondos en inversiones según la normativa del sector asegurador, se realiza el cálculo de valor en riesgo – VaR con el fin de soportar las expectativas como inversionista sobre rendimiento esperado. Además se analiza la información histórica de los emisores seleccionados. Estos criterios fueron incluidos en el modelo matemático Black-Litterman, con lo cual se determina, el retorno esperado para cada emisor, y como resultado final se conforma una óptima combinación del portafolio, con un rendimiento del 19.5% anual, por lo tanto, se comprueba que el modelo es aplicable (bajo la adopción de ciertos supuestos de mercado) para conformar portafolios óptimos con activos de renta variable en el mercado ecuatoriano

What factors do scientists perceive as promoting or hindering scientific data reuse?

Increased calls for data sharing have formed part of many governments' agendas to boost innovation and scientific development. Data openness for reuse also resonates with the recognised need for more transparent, reproducible science. But what are scientists' perceptions about data reuse? Renata Gonçalves Curty, Kevin Crowston, Alison Specht, Bruce W. Grant and Elizabeth D. Dalton make use of existing survey data to analyse the attitudes and norms affecting scientists’ data reuse. Perceived efficiency, efficacy, and trustworthiness are key; as is whether scientists believe data reuse is beneficial for scientific development, or perceive certain pressures contrary to the reuse of data. Looking ahead, synthesis centres can be important for supporting data-driven interdisciplinary collaborations, and leveraging new scientific discoveries based on pre-existing data

The Use of The Word Splash Strategy in Vocabulary Enhancement at Junior High School Level

This paper explores using the word splash strategy to enhance vocabulary at the Junior High School Level. Some researchers have applied the word splash strategy to help students learn vocabulary. The research showed that by using the word splash strategy, students could effectively motivate learning vocabulary. Students showed evidence of learning by using the word splash strategy. Word Splash is a learning strategy that stimulates thinking around a topic. The Word Splash Strategy allows students to learn new words and ideas before they start reading and helps them figure out how the word might relate. This strategy can help students improve their vocabulary by allowing them to predict words before they read the passage and connect new words or ideas to the passage's main idea

Sebaceous carcinoma in a mature teratoma of the ovary

The finding of a sebaceous carcinoma in a mature teratoma is rare in human pathology, with fewer than 10 cases currently reported in the literature. In this article, we report a case of sebaceous carcinoma in a mature teratoma of the ovary in a 59-year-old patient and discuss its histological findings

PENDEKATAN BERBASIS HAK ANAK UNTUK PENINGKATAN KOMPETENSI PENDAMPING ANAK BERISIKO (CHILDREN-AT-RISK)

Anak berisiko (Children-at-risk) merupakan anak yang rentan dalam menjalani kehidupan karena anak tersebut berada dalam situasi khusus yang menyebabkannya tidak mendapatkan pemenuhan akan hak-haknya serta berada dalam situasi yang dapat mengancam perkembangan fisik maupun psikologisnya. Oleh sebab itu, anak berisiko membutuhkan pendampingan. Salah satu bentuk pengabdian masyarakat yang dilakukan mahasiswa adalah melalui pendampingan pada anak-anak bersituasi khusus melalui organisasi PENA (Pendampingan Anak). Para pendamping anak terutama anggota baru perlu dibekali dengan pemahaman akan hak-hak anak, karakteristik anak berisiko yang berada dalam situasi khusus, serta pembuatan program berdasarkan pendekatan berbasis hak, tidak hanya berbasis kebutuhan yang bersifat jangka pendek. Tujuannya agar mereka dapat memberikan pendampingan yang optimal. Kegiatan pembekalan ini telah berlangsung dengan hasil yang memuaskan dimana terjadi peningkatan skor pre-test (84.67%) menjadi post-test (88.2%). Berdasarkan hasil evaluasi kegiatan, para partisipan merasa bahwa materi yang disampaikan sangat berguna dalam pendampingan (94.78%), materi dapat dipahami dengan baik (91.64%) serta pembicara dapat menyampaikan materi dengan jelas dan menarik (91.79%). Saran sebaiknya dilakukan kegiatan tindak lanjut berupa latihan-latihan dalam pembuatan program berdasarkan hak anak, bukan hanya kebutuhan anak

Attitudes and norms affecting scientists’ data reuse

The value of sharing scientific research data is widely appreciated, but factors that hinder or prompt the reuse of data remain poorly understood. Using the Theory of Reasoned Action, we test the relationship between the beliefs and attitudes of scientists towards data reuse, and their self-reported data reuse behaviour. To do so, we used existing responses to selected questions from a worldwide survey of scientists developed and administered by the DataONE Usability and Assessment Working Group (thus practicing data reuse ourselves). Results show that the perceived efficacy and efficiency of data reuse are strong predictors of reuse behaviour, and that the perceived importance of data reuse corresponds to greater reuse. Expressed lack of trust in existing data and perceived norms against data reuse were not found to be major impediments for reuse contrary to our expectations. We found that reported use of models and remotely-sensed data was associated with greater reuse. The results suggest that data reuse would be encouraged and normalized by demonstration of its value. We offer some theoretical and practical suggestions that could help to legitimize investment and policies in favor of data sharing